Introduction 5

Founding Declaration of the Mars Society 7

Opening Address to the Founding Convention of the Mars Society 8

Plans and Overviews of Proposed Mars Missions

From Earth to Mars: A Cooperative Plan, David M. Livingston 16

Building Earth's Ark to Mars - Another Strategy for The Mars Society, Frank W. Crossman 19

Mars Fast Forward, Robert J. Pfammatter 24

Operation Greenspace: A Proposal to Develop a Series of Hotels Devoted to Promoting Science Education, Human Exploration, and Ecologically Sustainable Living, Paul F. Justus 28

Outline of an Integrated Space Program, Martin Dowd 28

Research and Education Pertaining to Mars Missions

Children of Mars, David Bruce Gillespie 34

M.A.R.S.2 - The Mars Society's Advanced Research Station, Hannes S. Griebel; Sven Knuth 36

Space Education, Creativity and Colonization, N.D. Ryan 40

Yes I Can! Science, Susan Stiff, Dr. Thomas Stiff; Diane Hammond 46

A Conceptual Model of an Exobiology Robotics Laboratory to Search for Life on Martian Water, D. Gan, L Kuznetz; D. Chu; V. Chang; C. Lee; D. Wilson; M. Yamada 47

Mars Mission Funding and Return On Investment

Financing a Manned Mission to Mars, Steven McCullough 48

The Ares Fund: To Mars on Our Own Nickel(s), Clifford R. McMurray 54

Private Mars Landing: Fast Return on Investment, Edward B. Kiker 56

$pace: The Final Financial Frontier?, David M. Livingston 59

Sponsoring Contracts for Privately Funded Space Programs, Michael Bosch 63

Space Tourism After Dennis Tito, Dr. David M. Livingston 66

Space Propulsion Systems for Mars Missions

Electrical Propulsion and Space Power Systems, J. H. L Lawler 74

Regolith Rockets, A Gateway for Cheap Access to Deep Space, Jocelyn Boily, P. Eng. 77

Mars Mission Crew Considerations in Space and On Planet

Crew Selection for Long Distance Voyages: Lessons for Mars Missions from Polar Expeditions and the Space Program, Wayne Brwen, Ph.D; Randall Wight, Ph.D 83

EEG Biofeedback and its Potential Impact on Long Duration Space Missions, John A. Putman MA., M.S. 86

Exploration of Mars - The Challenge of Weightlessness, Duane Graveline, MD; Fred Kelly, MD 89

Habitats and Vehicles on the Surface of Mars

A Modular Construction System for a Martian Manned Base, Giorgio Gaviraghi 92

The Long Range Mars Rover, Paul Swift 101

Human Exploration of Canyons on Mars, Thomas Joslyn 104

Aviation on Mars, Paul Swift 108

An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on Mars, Chris Brown; Tim Weaver 110

Terraforming and Human Ecologies on Mars

Interstellar Panspermia Reconsidered: Implications for the Search for Life on Mars, Robert Zubrin 112

Mars Sample Return: A Need for Revisions to Current Policy to Safeguard Ecological Diversity, Brendan C. Dickson 118

A Human Signature on Mars as a Symbol of a Future Terraforming, Pierre-Philippe Freymond; Claude-Aan H. Roten; Dimitri Karamata 125

A Survey of Mars Terraforming in Speculative Fiction, Eric M. Choi 129

Terraforming Mars with Four War-Surplus Bombs, Robert Alan Mole 134

The Value of Rust, Sam Burbank 137

A Study of Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbital Camera (MOC) Images of Probable Water Seepages - Are They Dust Slides as NASA Claims Or Proof of Water on Mars?, Efrain Palermo, Jill England and Harry Moore 139

Power, Communications and Computer Technologies for Mars

Mars Surface Power Technology Options, Jeff A. Wead 146

What About the Data?, Ned Chapin 154

Communications Infrastructure to Support Human Activities on Mars, Ned Chapin 159

Video Technologies for Mars, John F. McGowan, Ph.D 165

Very Low Bitrate Video for Mars Missions, John F. McGowan III 171

Social and Ethical Considerations of Humans on Mars

Do Indigenous Martian Bacteria have Precedence over Human Exploration?, Christopher P. McKay; Robert Zubrin 177

Several Theological Considerations Concerning Plans for Terraforming Mars, The Rev. James D. Heiser, M.Div. 182

Religious Values and The Martian Venture, The Rev. Dr. Marc A. Wessels 186

The Ethical Commercialization of Outer Space, David M. Livingston 191

Observations Regarding The Intellectual, Ethical and Spiritual Formation of Future "Martians", The Rev. James D. Heiser, M.Div. 195

A Code of Ethics for Martian and Off-Earth Commerce, Dr. David M. Livingston 198

"Be Fruitful And Multiply" - Divine Creation and the Motivation to Colonize Mars, The Rev. James D. Heiser 204

Dissident Colonies, Matt Pearson; Thomas Mansell 208

First on Mars Should Own It, Ron Pisaturo 211

The Need for a Government for Mars Prior to Human Exploration, Gary C. Fisher 216

Society and Government: How Can We Avoid the Same Mistakes on Mars?, Erik Carlstrom 225

Our Two Planets: To Free Enterprise from Capitalism for Civilizations on Mars and Earth, Martin Schwab 229

The Race to Settle Mars - Is the Public Ready?, Peter Perrine 230

Legal Considerations of Humans on Mars

Designing a New Space Law, Bryan Erickson 233

The Mars Society

Your First Mars Society Presentation, Martin Schwab 245

Recommendations From Toronto: Managing a Mars Society Convention From A to Z, Rocky Persaud; Craig Pickthorne; Darlene Lim; Jeff Cadieux; Maggie Zubrin 246

How The Louisiana Mars Society Got Local Media and Political Attention, Carl Carlsson; Craig Dooley 250

The Mars Society Parallel Computer - An Organizational Scheme for Solving the Problem of Getting to Mars, Bradley Jarvis 252

The Mars Society Measure of Readiness, Gary C. Fisher 254

The Hakluyt Prize Letters 257

1999

• An Interplanetary Mass Transit System Based On Hypersonic Skyhooks And Magsail-Driven Cyclers

• High Frequency Digital Surface Communications

• Mars Environment Simulator, Environmental And Aerospace Physiology Laboratory Simon Fraser University

• Preliminary Design Considerations For The M.A.R.S. Wastewater Treatment System: Physico-Chemical Or Living Machine?

• Send A (Software) Agent On A Mars Mission?

• Human Exploration Ethnography of the Haughton-Mars Project 1998-99

• Martian Emergency Medical Crisis Management

• Airtight Sealing A Mars Base

• How The Mars Movement Could Achieve Solar System Exploration: A Mathematical And Structural Conceptualization

• Dysfunctional Behavior And Performance Of Team Personnel in Space And Analog Polar Environments: Implications For Mars Missions

• Torus Or Dome: Which Makes The Better Martian Home

• Manned Missions To Mars: Use Of Diagnostic Sonography

• Mars-Earth Rapid Interplanetary Tether Transport (Meritt) System: I. Initial Feasibility Analysis

• Modified Martian Lava Tubes Revisited

• Rabbits On Mars: One Giant Leap

• Anthropological Considerations On The Human Colonization Of Mars: Insights From The Indigenous Peoples Who First Settled Earth's Arctic

• Design And Resource Requirements For Successful Wind Energy Production On Mars

• Conceptual Design of a Guidance and Navigation System for a Mars Airplane

• Subsurface Flow Wetlands For Wastewater Treatment In Mars Prototype Testbeds And Mars Surface Habitats

• The Case For Mars Funding - Making Exploration Pay

• The Effects Of Upright Lower Body Negative Pressure Cycle Ergometry Training On Vo2max And Endurance

• Modeling the Mars-Earth Logistics and Transfer Architecture: Focus on Conducting Inexpensive Exploration Through Variance of Key Mission Requirements

• Viewing The Martian Sunset

• Strategic Thinking for Long-Range Mars Plans

• The "Mars Bottle" - The First Interactive Student Research Laboratory For Martian Environmental Simulations

• The EVA Robotic Assistant Experiment On The Haughton-Mars 99 Expedition

• Implications Of A Proposal For Real Property Rights In Outer Space

• Wet Mars: Plentiful, Readily-Available Martian Water And Its Implications

2000

• A Proposed Design For Wastewater Treatment And Recycling At The Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station Utilizing Living Machine Technology

• WB-B2B - A Web-Based Tool For International Project Management

• Spacecraft Systems Design Of A Manned Mars Vehicle System - A Fourth Year Student Team Project Using The Internet

• Table.pm - Easier Creation Of Html Tables

• Applications Of Wearable Computing To Exploration In Extreme Environments

• A Framework For Analog Studies Of Mars Surface Operations Using The Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station

• The Martian Time Poll: One Martian Year Of Data

• Development Of A Long-Term Earth-Mars Cycling Vessel

• A Master Plan For Mars: From Transporting The First Colonists To Total Terraformation Of The Red Planet

• Mars Habitat: Putting The Pieces Together

• The Mars Society Of Caltech Human Exploration Of Mars Endeavor

• Airlock & Connective Tunnel Design And Air Maintenance Strategies For Mars Habitat And Earth Analog Sites

• The Hunt for Liquid Water, Life and Landing Sites on the Surface of Mars Today

• Real-Time Television Quality Full Motion Video For Mars Missions

• "Thinking Long Term": Investing Today For A Mars Future Tomorrow

• Are There Sufficient Natural Resources On Mars To Sustain Human Habitation? Methane And Carbon Dioxide Hydrates As Raw Materials To Support Colonization

• A Game For The Simulation Of A Martian Base

• The "Martian Farmer" Mining Water From The Martian Regolith

• Pillars on Mars - Linking the Destinies of Ancient Greece and Future Mars

• Mobile Nuclear Fission Engines For Mars Surface Vehicles And/Or Aircraft

2001

• Simulating "Mars on Earth" A Report from FMARS Phase 2

• Martian Aircraft and Exploration Concepts

• Dry Reforming: A Unique Flowsheet For Fuel Production On Mars

• Distributive Life Support Testing

• Legal Implications For An International Space Mission And What Types Of Rules Will Be Necessary After Initial Success

• Benefits Of Modified Breathing Air For Spacecraft And Planetary Habitats

• Terraforming Mars And Greenhouse Gases

• Non-Propulsive Access to the Martian Surface

• Mars Kites For Human Habitation

• Mars Libration Point Mission Simulations

• A Model for Minimizing the Risk of Sudden Death During Exercise in Long-Term Space

• Detection of Para-Cymene, a Microbial-Generated Volatile Organic Compound (MVOC), By Use of a Bioluminescent Biosensor, a Proof of Concept